John Henry Newman’s Changing Attitude to Infallibility Essay -- Religio

Look at John Henry Newman’s changing mentality to Infallibility, between the finish of Vatican 1 of every 1870 and Gladstone’s assault in 1875. In this paper I propose to break down Newman’s mentality to Infallibility during the period sketched out above. I will inspect his letters specifically to take note of the scope of reporters and the methodologies taken. I will endeavor to see an example comparable to his perspectives communicated to unimportant enquirers keeping in touch with him, to national and expert scholars looking for data or discussing focuses and to loved ones regarding the regulation of Infallibility. Over this five-year time span I will derive from mostly essential sources, his perspectives communicated on Infallibility and his created thinking and afterward present ends. Right off the bat a short authentic foundation to Victorian Britain will set the specific situation. Mid-Victorian Britain considered political to be as a principle plan. There was a built up request of houses of worship, described by category however all the more telling, by social class, and a characterized place in the public eye. The situation of poor people and the overwhelming impacts of industrialisation were not highest in the church’s job. These perspectives were being tested with an expanding secularization of society, by developments set up to change and give more individuals a voice in government, and scrutinizing the importance of the congregation. The congregation assumed a job in for example the Christian Socialist Movement, set up as a lot to control and breaking point change as it was to help poor people. This was a period of development by the Catholic Church, since the re-foundation of the hierarch in 1850. Famous liberal perspectives scrutinized the unwaveringness of Catholics to the state and since the 1850’s papers and periodicals described this view as ... ...ring 1982), pp. 86â€88. Rahner, K. ‘A Critique of Hans Kung’. Persuasive and Pastoral Review 71, May 1971, pp.10 †26. Schatz, K. Ecclesiastical Supremacy: From its Origins to the Present. Collegeville, MN: The Liturgical Press, 1996, pp.151-162. Abnormal, Roderick. John Henry Newman: A Mind Alive. London: Darton, Longman and Todd, 2008. Sugg, J. ed. A Packet of Letters: a choice of correspondence of John Henry Newman. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1983. Tierney, B. Causes of Papal dependability 1150 †1350. (‘Studies in the History of Christian Thought’).Leiden: EJ Brill, 1972. Ward, W. William George Ward and the Catholic Revival. London: Longmans Green andCo.1893, p.274. Gotten to 9 March 2014: https://archive.org/subtleties/riwilliamgeorgeward. Wolfe, J. Religion in Victorian Britain: Culture and Empire. Manchester: The Open University Press, 1997.

Training & Development Essay Example for Free

Preparing Development Essay At McDonalds they have preparing that will profit the supervisors for instance they offer courses to the candidates. For the initial 18 weeks, they will assemble establishments for their whole vocation. In addition to other things, they will find how to get ready food, ace the hardware, build up their serving capacity and figure out how to persuade a group. At the point when you done alright they will graduate to second colleague supervisor and get additionally preparing and experience from different chiefs, helping them acquire data on the most proficient method to run their very own store. Just as going to instructional classes, they will be approached to do some self-study and complete PC based preparing programs, these will assist them with building information about individuals advancement, money control and so forth once they have succeeded the program they will at that point climb to first right hand administrator where they can run their very own store. There is where all the chiefs need to take care of its called the Nuts and Balls Integrations Teams NABIT. This is the place they get educated about new items, new principles and new advancements; it is their obligation to give that data to their staff back at their stores. Move Manager Jobs Responsibilities The duty of the move chief is to work the Quality Service Cleanliness Value standards to the remainder of the staff. The standards help the store to meet the necessities of the clients and along these lines it is the move chiefs employment to disclose them to the staff. He is likewise accountable for the movements and giving the movements to the workers, ensuring that they have skill responsible for every gear. He additionally needs to turn his crewmembers with the goal for them to encounter every division; in this way they wouldnt need to depend on a person. Hes answerable for preparing the representatives too, McDonalds utilize the mate framework, this framework enables the worker to see how to utilize certain things by following requests from an accomplished worker, henceforth the word amigo. Its his obligation to put undeveloped specialists on a mate framework. The move supervisor is relied upon to deal with the floor appropriately and spread the work inside groups, giving the group heads the requests on how/what to work in the store. You could state that the move administrator is the right-hand man of the senior supervisor since he is passing on a ton of designation. Inspiration The move supervisor on our visit clarified that he is for the most part spurred by the way that he can advance to turn into a second aide chief. You could state advancement is his fundamental propelling component and McDonalds in this way have preparing programs so as to address those issues. In any case, he has expressed that cash additionally has a colossal impact in his inspiration factors. He asserts that rewards, finance increment and so on inspires him as a person. The move supervisor at the McDonalds has various spurring variables and one of them was cash, which related back to the inspiration hypothesis of Taylor who proposed that cash drives individuals working in a firm. Notwithstanding, he likewise guaranteed that he generally anticipates climb a position and improve new abilities and information, which additionally could be identified with hypothesis of Maslow, who proposed the Hierarchy, addressing the requirements of the representatives by stages. Characteristics As a move director, you would be relied upon to have certain measure of characteristics including, adaptability, agreeable, experience, thoughtful, inspired, eager, idealistic, predictable and a feeling of neighborliness. These are significant characteristics to need to pick up the situation at the store. The significant one is to have the option to provide orders to groups and having the option to meet every day targets and speaking with each group. Spreading out the more grounded characters with the more vulnerable ones and adjusting the qualities of the groups. As per crewmembers I have found, expressed that they typically spread their laborers and each group would have an accomplished specialist and some new specialists. Preparing and Development The move chief has preparing and its both on and off the activity preparing. He follows a course gave by McDonalds so as to improve new abilities and information on the most proficient method to maintain a business by their own. This will assist them with going up and open up their very own store if achievement appears. They get PC based projects of preparing to bring home and do some self-study; simultaneously they get preparing hands on where they get the opportunity to encounter a portion of the administrative work with other experienced administrators.

Local Eats Mini Series Columbia University COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY - SIPA Admissions Blog

Local Eats Mini Series Columbia University COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY - SIPA Admissions Blog On Thursday, were hosting Summerfest NYC, an event for  applicants interested in attending SIPA or another public policy school. Many of you will be coming in to town early Thursday. And since you probably dont want to stray too far from campus (that subway system can be tricky for some!), I asked around to see which local restaurants our staff and graduating PAs enjoy the most. Thus, the  Local Eats Mini  Series  was born! Every Wednesday for the remainder of this month, Ill post our favorite grub spots around NYC. (What a great Hump-Day treat!) Today,  youll  read about Columbia University locations, then Ill follow up with Manhattan-wide spots, and conclude with a wrap up of the outer boroughs.  (Hint: If  youre an incoming Fall 2015 student, you should really bookmark this post.) Oh, and if youd like to spatialize how close these restaurants are to Columbia University, just scroll to the bottom of this post for our handy Google Map. Community 2893 Broadway, New York, NY 10025 (212) 665-2800 |  www.communityrestaurant.com I love this restaurant because it offers fresh, organic meals and has an excellent pancake special on weekday mornings. Its right across from campus so its conveniently located and a welcome spot to eat healthy and to eat well in the neighborhood. Tip: Order the beer and burger special weekdays between 5 and 7pm. Katherine McGehee, MIA 15 Flat Top 1241 Amsterdam Ave, New York, NY 10027 (646) 820-7735  | www.flattopnyc.com Flat Top has been an exciting addition to Morningside Heights since its recent arrival in 2013. The restaurants rustic and comfortable vibe made it an instant crowd pleaser among me and my friends.  Whether youre looking for a  casual escape from the usual Columbia dining scene or trying to step it up a notch for a date or group dinner, Flat Top is the place! The menu offers  American cuisine  for the most part, but also features some Asian inspired gems like the Bahn Mi Sandwich with a fried egg  for lunch (my favorite). My favorite dinner dish is the Airline Chicken Breast, but no matter when or what you at  Flat Top you cant go wrong!  They also offer delivery for those cold and rainy nights. Tinsley Corbett, MPA 15 The Hungarian Pastry Shop 1030 Amsterdam Ave, New York, NY 10025 (212) 866-4230  |  www.urbanspoon.com I like that it is close to campus and has a European ambiance and it is cozy.   I have a sweet tooth and this cafe definitely has some of the best cookies and pastries. Dario Martinez, MIA 15 Jin Ramen 3183 Broadway, New York, NY 10027 (646) 559-2862 | www.jinramen.com Its surprising to find quality ramen in Harlem.   However, Jin Ramen does it right.   More importantly, its quality ramen on a graduate budget!   Highly recommend the miso ramen.   Always left satisfied after eating this.   Best in the winter to keep you warm. Eric Medina, MPA 15 Kitchenette 1272 Amsterdam Ave, New York, NY 10027 (212) 531-7600 | www.kitchenetterestaurant.com Kitchenette is one of my favorite brunch spots near Columbia University. The atmosphere is cozy, and they have a great selection of food. I recently discovered the strawberry shortcake waffle with a colossal-sized waffle, fresh strawberries and strawberry butter, and it’s definitely worth all of the calories. And if I just stop by for dessert, then their chocolate-chip milkshake and chocolate pudding are two of my favorite treats. Tip: If you pay cash they’ll give you a ~10% discount. Kaitlyn Wells, Assistant Director of Admissions Mel’s Burger Bar 2850 Broadway, New York, NY, 10025 (212) 865-7100 | www.melsburgerbar.com If you like burgers, definitely worth a try. Service was great and it didn’t seem crowded. Good beer. Not too expensive. Nina-Marie Rivera, Associate Director of Admissions Pisticci 125 La Salle St, New York, NY 10027 (212) 932-3500 | www.pisticcinyc.com “Pisticci is a neighborhood gem.Their food is rated 24/30 on Zagat, which makes them the highest-rated restaurant in Morningside Heights area. Yet, unlike its peers, Pisticci is very reasonably priced, especially for lunch. In general, Pisticci is about about simple Italian fare done impeccably right. Their pasta dishes are to die for. For the environmentally-conscious, Pisticci is also the first carbon-neutral restaurant in New York; and if you’re lucky, you can ask former President Clinton about it (he’s a regular).” Selim Sazak, MIA ‘15 V T Pizzeria and Restaurant 1024 Amsterdam Ave,  New York, NY 10025 (212) 663-1708  |  www.vtpizzeriarestaurant.com V T has been in the neighborhood forever, and was recommended to me by a former boss (during an interview no less!!)  who went to Columbia Business School.   Every time I saw him, hed tell me that he was taking his family up to V Ts for pizza.   Turns out, I am also a big fan!   The food is delicious and reasonably priced, and the service is excellent. Lauren Podber, MIA 14

Portraits and Depictions of Michelangelo Buonarroti

Role of Ideas in the French and Russian Revolutions

Word Count: 1511 How important was the role of ideas in the outbreak of revolution? When comparing the French Revolution of 1789 and Russian October Revolution of 1917, a series of parallels become evident. Both revolutionary groups became determined with an extensive emergence of new ideas, which captured a strong majority of the respective populations. The importance of the ideas was critical to maintaining a drive for the revolutions considering they acted as a manifestation of what the public and the politicians wanted for change. The primary ideas that evolved out of the outbreak of revolution revolved around the Enlightenment, political ideologies, propaganda and human rights. The momentous significance and importance of these†¦show more content†¦Of course without the spreading of ideas, public support would only be a lackluster fuel for revolution and so propaganda and the spreading of ideas were a common practice for the French and Russian revolutions. Voltaire became notorious for printing and displaying pamphlets to distribute his ideas of The En lightenment to the French people. The authors of the pamphlets were making the case for a new concept of society and sought social unity. The purpose was often to ‘sell’ the ideas, resulting in alterations in the structure of French society and culture. Much of the propaganda floating around in the volatile period were anti-aristocracy rather than the promotion of new ideas which exemplifies the discontent and the determined force to attain a new system of government. Spreading of ideas were also established by Marquis de Lafayette, a revolutionary individual, who was dedicated to liberty and the principles of the Revolution and organized the National Guard of armed citizens to protect the Revolution from attack by the king. The public often took it upon themselves to wear the particular colours of the revolution and the clothing that was used as a symbolic device to represent your support. In Russia, it was also a case of individuals who were organizing and distributin g pamphlets and flyers. Lenin himself, from 1897 to 1917, he travelledShow MoreRelatedHope in The Nineteenth Century in Europe1598 Words   |  6 Pagesof all the new ideas flowing around the continent. Ideas of a world without monarchs and a government run by the people for the people. France showed it was possible and other European countries attempted to follow along but what about the rest of the world. Maybe this century was not filled with hope maybe something else. Possibly this century was filled with the sense of European powerhouses trying to run the world. 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Beauty Pageants May Not Be Safe Free Essays

In countries all around the world, beauty pageants are held as a long-standing tradition. Often, young women participate in these pageants. While pageants are said to present a sense of self-esteem and value for the participants, these competitions often cause damaging emotional issues for an already trying adolescent life. We will write a custom essay sample on Beauty Pageants May Not Be Safe or any similar topic only for you Order Now One young participant anonymously said, â€Å"I used to think I was pretty, but once I got on stage and didn’t hear my name called the world came to an end and from then on, I’ve called myself ugly everyday† (Anonymous, 2010). When a girl feels as if she is being valued solely on her looks, she may change her personality and dietary habits to an unsafe level to continuously garner attention. The beauty pageant process is far from the safe harmonious competition it attempts to promote. As the rest of this essay suggest, damaging emotional scars often remain after the competitions are long gone, and pageants themselves harbor predatory dangers to young naive girls. The first kind of emotional damage young girls face is an overemphasis on physical appearance and a willingness to maintain beauty at any cost. When a female participates in a beauty pageant, she is taught to win by looking attractive. These young girls are conditioned to believe that the only way to look pretty is to starve themselves so that they can achieve a ‘perfect figure’. Although there are many different types of eating disorders in the world, the biggest one of all for beauty pageants is anorexia. Anorexia is the third most common chronic illness among adolescents (Mirasol). Outside of eating disorders, anxiety and stress are common for participants. In a 2009 interview on Good Morning America, Brooke Breedwell, a pageant queen at the age of five, now twenty, explained there was a price to pay, â€Å"Pageants have put a lot of stress and anxiety on my life I feel the need to be perfect at everything, and I know that’s not realistic. You can’t be perfect at everything. † Brooke Breedwell also claimed her mother â€Å"pushed her too hard. † When a mother enters her daughter in a pageant she expects her to win. Most girls receive the ‘no other girl is your friend here’ speech, which cause them to be untruthful by offering fake smiles and false hugs around other participants. It also creates a distant form of interaction causing the females to be shallow, hyper-competitive adults who are never satisfied. The second kind of emotional damage young girls face is an uncharacteristically elevated ego for a teenage or even pre-teenage girl. When a female wins a pageant, she may conclude that she is better than everyone all of her peers. While some might believe it to be healthy to compete in pageants because it creates confidence and it builds character, it’s not. Pageants teach young girls that self worth is in physical beauty only. Parents encourage their daughters to compete in these competitions and do whatever it takes to win. In some cases, mothers try to live vicariously through their daughter, by entering their daughter in such competitions. This confuses many girls because they don’t know if their mother is their coach or their parent. With young girls participating in televised beauty it is hard to keep pedophiles away. Some pedophiles are driven out to live their fantasies and with young girls on air exploiting themselves it’s easy too. When girls participate they put on clothing that is meant to look ‘sexy’ and ‘inviting’. Girls prance along a stage in alluring clothing welcoming anyone to watch. Girls in pageants have yet to develop their own sense of self and are conditioned to be more pleasing to adults for attention and rewards. An entire television show is dedicated to young girl’s beauty pageants. Each week, viewers are able to watch little girls dress up in bikinis, mini dresses, and other revealing clothing that their mothers choose for them to wear. In conclusion, beauty pageants cause self-hatred and uncertainty of a female’s own body, which could create shallow adults who are never satisfied. Carleton Kendrick, a family therapist says, â€Å"†¦the hard fact remains they are called beauty pageants and they have been and always will be based on using arbitrary standards of ‘beauty’ to make one contestant better than all the rest† (Kendrick). Beauty pageants can cause eating disorders and unrealistic expectations of a female’s own body. Beauty pageants can also cause a female to self-hate if she doesn’t win, or enlarge an ego to an unhealthy level. Unfortunately, if a child participates in beauty pageants that may air on television, anyone can watch including pedophiles. Females should love their own bodies and not care how others judge them upon their appearance. How to cite Beauty Pageants May Not Be Safe, Essay examples

Organisational Behaviour and Work Ethic

Question: Discuss about the Organisational Behaviour and Work Ethic . Answer: Generational differences at workplace: The varying trends in demographic signifies for the first the time that there is a likelihood of four generations of individuals working at the same place beside each other in modern workplace. The apparent fall in the work ethic is considered as one of the major contributors of generational disagreements in the workplace. On the contrary, Boomers might be regarded as workaholics and supposedly commenced the trend whereas traditional have been characterised as one of the most hardworking generations (Mullins Christy, 2013). Certainly, the existing notion is that younger generations do not work as hard as older workers do. According to cross-sectional comparison between the age group of 27-40 versus 41-65, it reflected that both group felt it was less important that a workers feel wisdom of pride in 1999 than 1974. Nonetheless, numerous factors further than generational factors create an impact on the work principles of employees. The work ethics of employees differs with degree of educations, level of income and marital status. The notion of hard works may also be associated with the low individuals themselves approaching the task (Wood et al. 2016). For example boomers has been characterised as process oriented where as younger generations emphasis on result irrespective of when and where the task is performed. Younger generation emphasis on productivity and has the ability to carry out the task at their own speed. Several organisations have acknowledged the experience of old workers but they also respect their talents and contribution of new workers by experiencing superior rate of retention. References J Mullins, L., Christy, G. (2013).Management Organisational Behaviour. Wood, J. M., Zeffane, R. M., Fromholtz, M., Wiesner, R., Morrison, R., Factor, A., ... Osborn, R. N. (2016).Organisational behaviour: Core concepts and applications. John Wiley Sons Australia, Ltd..

Hobbes And Locke Essays - Libertarian Theory, Social Philosophy

Hobbes And Locke Hobbes and Locke Outcome 2 . Thomas Hobbes was born in Wiltshire, England in 1588 just prior to the Spanish Armada. Philosophy is defined by Hobbes as the reasoned knowledge of effects from causes, and causes from effects. Hobbes was educated in Oxford where he learnt about the great classics and also of Aristotle, however Hobbes disliked Aristotle's approach that democracy was the best form of government. Hobbes spent many a year on the continent and his disliking for Aristotle's works grew, when he returned to Britain there was a civil war underway so he left the country again and wrote several pieces of literature, these include the, ?De Cive? and ?The Elements of law?. Later on his book the ?Leviathan was published?. Hobbes died in 1679 after becoming one well-known political writer, but he has not been forgotten and his political thought lives on. Hobbes's most famous piece of work the, ?Leviathan? presents life before government was formed this was what Hobbes referred to as the, ?State of nature?. Hobbes believed that every man was naturally equal and due to this war was inevitable because every man was for himself. War would be inevitable as fought for material possession and for basic necessities like water and food. The first of these, ?causes of quarrel- maketh man invade for gain, the second for safety and the third for reputation?. With this continuing state of war and would produce a lifestyle in which there would be no society, industry or trading. As Hobbes states that there would be; ?No knowledge of the face of the earth; no account of time; no arts; no letters; no society; and which is worst of all, contains fear and danger of violent death; and the life of man solitary, poor nasty, brutish and short.? For Hobbes the, ?State of nature? was a way of rationalising how people would behave in their most basic state. Hobbes advanced from what Ren? Decartes stated ?I think , therefore I am.? Hobbes used the individual as a building block from which all his political theories arose. Hobbes formed his theories by way of empirical observation and he believed that the universe was just atoms in notion and therefore could be measured by geometry and mathematics and could be used to explain human behaviour. According to Thomas Hobbes people would willing give up all their rights to everything and anything as long as every individual was willing to do this. Nevertheless basic human nature would not allow this and with no way of controlling it people would soon break it in an attempt to control a greater share of power over one another. Hobbes recognised that in order to ensure the stability and peace in his opinion this could be achieved by means of a Social contract. Hobbes realising that the only way to maintain order among the people would by having an authoritarian government. He gave the government the name of Leviathan which when translated means monster. This meant that in exchange for individual rights the people would have in return peace, security and protection from one another. The people would not want to return to the basic state of nature and therefore would not protest against the government which would have power over their natural liberty. The social contract would at first be set-up by men to establish a commonwealth which in turn would be governed by a sovereign to whom in the interest of self preservation, simple right to govern oneself is abolished. The sovereign may be an individual or a group of individuals who are not part of the social contract. However the citizens themselves are part of the social contract and this means that they will obey the sovereign and obey the rules that the sovereign has enforced. Since the sovereign has all power there would never arise any contract between the subjects and the sovereign to break. To add this once the contract has been established the subjects need to seek the sovereigns permission to break it. As a result of forming this contract nothing that the sovereign does can be seen as unjust and as a result of establishing this contract an artificial man or leviathan is formed. Hobbes

Depiction of Cultural & Political Life in Germany up to 1933 essays

Depiction of Cultural & Political Life in Germany up to 1933 essays The film cabaret shows the extremes of cultural and political life in Germany up to 1933 by the representation of Jews, women, the clubs, goals of life, as well as the representation of the communists, the Nazis, and general Hindenburg suggests that Weimar Germanys hedonism and indulgence by its society led to an acceptance of Nazi Germany. The film cabaret depicts the culture of Germany up to 1933 quite accurately. Its representation of the Jewish was one that they were rich, with power, which in Germany at the time was true, for instance, the writer of the German constitution was Jewish. Women were depicted true to life, having many more rights than what would be expected of pre 1933. Women could smoke in the street, wear whatever clothes they wanted, there were women in parliament, and in the movie Cabaret, an important thing to note is that Sally had control over herself, and could decide for herself about her matters, for example, having an abortion. At the club where Sally works, The Kit Kat Club, there are transvestites, demonstrating an extremist social group. These extremists made people become uneasy, and swayed them to believe that democracy provided too much freedom, that democracy meant decadence. The kit Kat club is a prime example of the immoral behaviour in Weimar Germany where anything and everything, all sorts of nastiness can happen and is allowed under decadence. Prior to 1933 is when German expressionist art became big and quite influential on many other art types. Ernst Ludwig Kirchner, a German expressionist, his paintings are very representational of the state of Weimar Germany. They are highly emotional, and unstable. Kirchner painted scenes of people, and added unnatural colour to experiment with reality because the reality he saw was not one he liked. In Cabaret, the song money shows a loss of value or quality of life. It demonstrates how money, in Germany, equalled pleasure,...

Whoole Foods in South Korea Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Whoole Foods in South Korea - Research Paper Example Based on the research, five dimensions universal to all cultures around the world were established. These include: Power-Distance; collectivism-individualism; femininity vs. masculinity; and uncertainty avoidance and long-term vs. short-term orientation (Yoo, Donthu and Lenartowicz 194). Collectivism vs. individualism: South Korea and the United States exhibit these two extreme cultural dimensions. While the U.S. culture is more of individualism, South Korea is more of collectivism. South Koreans are more contented with groups. This demonstrates that the country is a collectivist society unlike the U.S, which is highly individualistic. Being a collectivist society, South Korea can be referred to as a high-context culture according to the framework of Edward T. Hall (Rubio-Sanchez 14). Power distance: South Korea is a high power distance society. It is a hierarchical society in which the society is stratified into hierarchical order with everyone has his or her position in the organiz ation or the society. Subordinate staff in organizations usually relies on their bosses for instructions on what to do. Masculinity / Femininity: South Korea tends to be a feminine society in which the main focus is on working in order to survive. South Koreans value equality in the workplace and managers embrace consensus. Solutions to conflicts are usually arrived at through compromise and negotiation. In South Korea, a successful manager is one who is supportive and includes his or her subordinates in decision-making. Focus is usually on people’s welfare rather than status. Incentives like free time and flexibility are highly appreciated in feminine cultures. Uncertainty Avoidance: This cultural dimension concerns predictions about the future. Countries with high uncertainty avoidance tend to have rigid perception about other behaviors and ideas that are opposed to their own. South Korea has a high uncertainty avoidance culture. The society is characterized with low risk t aking ability. The society is characterized by emotional needs for rules and people have innate drive to work hard and keep busy. Punctuality and precision form fundamental norms of organizations. Individuals are highly motivated by some sense of job security. Long-term vs. Short-term orientation: South Korea has one of the highest scores in long-term orientation of the society. Long-term orientation is connected with the teachings of Confucius, which focuses of a virtuous society that focuses on the future rather than the short-term benefits (Yim 38). South Koreans are directed by good moral codes and virtues. Organizations in south Korea focus on constant growth of their share of the market and have higher proportion of own capital unlike companies from the United States and other short-term oriented societies, which focus on short-term gains or profit. South Koreans prefer to engage in business with people whom they have connections with. The U.S has been present in the country f or a long time and this might help in establishing the Whole food business. Cultural and language barrier is one of the things that would hinder successful establishment of the company in South Korea. In order to overcome this, it is appropriate to use managers and local employees with knowledge on both English and Korean language. Successful business negotiation will demand the knowledge about the country’s business etiquettes. Developing business contacts and bringing cards printed in both English and Korean language will ensure successful negotiation. Observing business etiquettes remain crucial for winning a deal and one must observe that South Koreans negotiate on a collective

Strategic Fashion Marketing Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Strategic Fashion Marketing - Essay Example The essay "Strategic Fashion Marketing" talks about the current perspectives on branding and marketing in the fashion industry on the examples of popular fashion companies: Zara, Lacroix, and Prada. With the increasing shift towards consumer perspectives and functionality, one considers a number of successful current brands. One of the most successful brands in recent years has been Zara. Zara has been featured in major retail outlets such as Target, as well as through a variety of distribution channels. Today Zara designs demonstrate a clear emphasis on functionality rather than artistic frills. While Zara is engaged in strong marketing efforts, this research argues that it is the design functionality that drives the success of these marketing campaigns. Perhaps the fashion house that runs the most counter to the position of the primacy of marketing is Lacroix. Design Christian Lacroix, in addition to emerging in the late 20th century, has steadfastly clung to design over marketing standards. Lacroix himself noted, â€Å"I believe I have not given into system whatever they might be. A Lacroix style has been born and even if it doesn’t appeal to everyone, so much the better†. One considers that Lacroix’s designs are applicable to his own artistic voice rather than broader consumer trends. Indeed, his haute couture clothing seemed at times to be directly at odds with the commodification of fashion. This assemblage seems to openly reject contemporary marketing standards instead more fully pursuing design artistry.

Analysis of The Age of Innocence by Edith Wharton

Analysis of The Age of Innocence by Edith Wharton Context By the time the bloody chaos of the First World War finally came to an end on November 11, 1918, the American novelist Edith Wharton had already been living as an expatriate in Paris for five years. During that time, she had essentially ceased to write fiction and had turned her energies instead to the Allied effort by providing war relief for soldiers and refugees. Her devotion and enthusiasm for her work was, in fact, enough to win her the French Legion of Honor. By the end of the war, however, Wharton found herself disturbed by what she saw as the profound social disruptions that had been brought on by the war. In the months after the armistice, she again picked up her pen to write what many critics consider to be her war novel. One would be hard pressed, however, to find any elements within The Age of Innocence that even remotely address the disruption and the bloodshed of the First World War. Set in 1870s New York, Whartons novel depicts a society that is in many ways the antithesis of war-devastated Europe. Old New York, Whartons term to describe this wealthy and elite class at the top of the developing citys social hierarchy, was a society utterly intent on maintaining its own rigid stability. To Wharton, Old New York imposed on its members set rules and expectations for practically everything: manners, fashions, behaviors, and even conversations. Those who breached the social code were punished, with exquisite politeness, by the other members. The differences between the fractured society following the First World War and the Old New York of The Age of Innocence are without a doubt dramatic. However, there is more of a connection between them than may first appear. Edith Wharton herself was born into the claustrophobic world of Old New York. When she began, at the age of fifty-seven, to write what would become her Pulitzer-prize winning novel, she had already witnessed an astounding amount of social change. Both horrified and fascinated by the chaos and the freedom of the new century as it headed towards modernism and war, Wharton was prompted to compare this new age with that of her own past. The Age of Innocence, then, stands as both a personal recollection of the culture of Whartons youth and an historical study of an old-fashioned world on the brink of profound and permanent change. It is believed that the expression keeping up with the Joneses once specifically referred to Edith Jones Whartons parents, who were known throughout New York for their lavish social gatherings. Born into such an atmosphere of opulence, Wharton had access to all the privileges of an upper- class upbringing: education, travel, and the assurance of a good marriage. Yet for all the luxury of her youth, Wharton felt her individuality continually stifled by the rigid expectations and narrow perspectives of her class. Not surprisingly, these sentiments become central themes in The Age of Innocence. Unhappily married at an early age to a man thirteen years her senior, Wharton faced, like Ellen Olenska, the temptations of adultery and the censure of divorce. As a writer, too, Wharton faced the criticisms of her class, who disdained and feared what they called the bohemian life of artists and writers. Post-war Paris was a far cry from this stifling environment, and Wharton was interested in tracing the differences between her past and present not only on a personal level, but also a historico-anthropological level. By the end of the War, rigid Old New York appeared as a lost world, a defunct civilization that bore little similarity to the present era. Like many authors of her time, Wharton was interested in evolutionary theories and the newly developing field of anthropology. To a great extent, it is this interest in the sociology of Old New York that gives the novel its keen sense of detached irony. While post-Civil War New York saw itself as the pinnacle of civilization, Wharton undercuts this picture by comparing its unbending societal customs to those of the most primitive tribes. Plot Overview Newland Archer couldnt be more pleased with his recent engagement to the beautiful debutante May Welland. However, his world is thrown upside down by the sensational arrival of Mays cousin, Countess Ellen Olenska. Recently returned to America after separating from her husband, a philandering Polish count, Countess Olenska shocks the staid New York aristocracy with her revealing clothes, carefree manners, and rumors of adultery. Because the Countesss family, headed by the powerful Mrs. Manson Mingott, have chosen to reintroduce her into good society, Archer and May feel it necessary to befriend her. As Archer comes to better know the Countess, he begins to appreciate her unconventional views on New York society. Meanwhile, Archer becomes increasingly disillusioned with his new fianceà ©, May. He begins to see her as the manufactured product of her class: polite, innocent, and utterly devoid of personal opinion and sense of self. The Countess Olenska soon announces her intention of divorcing her husband. While Archer supports her desire for freedom, he feels compelled to act on behalf of the Mingott family and persuade Ellen to remain married. At a friends cottage near Hudson, Archer realizes that he is in love with Ellen. He abruptly leaves the next day for Florida, where he is reunited with May and her parents, who are there on vacation. There, he presses May to shorten their engagement. May becomes suspicious and asks him if his hurry to get married is prompted by the fear that he is marrying the wrong person. Archer reassures May that he is in love with her. Back in New York, Archer calls on Ellen, and Archer admits that he is in love with her. Just then, a telegram arrives from May, announcing that her parents have pushed forward the wedding date. After their wedding and honeymoon in Europe, Archer and May settle down to married life in New York. Over time, Archers memory of Ellen fades to a wistful image. But on vacation in Newport, he is reunited with her, and Ellen promises not to return to Europe as long as she and Newland do not act upon their love for each other. Back in New York, Archer learns that Count Olenski wants his wife to return to him and that Ellen has refused. After the stroke of her grandmother, Ellen returns to New York to care for her. She and Archer agree to consummate their affair. But suddenly, Ellen announces her intention to return to Europe. May throws a farewell party for Ellen, and after the guests leave, May announces to Archer that she is pregnant and that she told Ellen her news two weeks earlier. Twenty-five years pass. In that time, the Archers have had three children and May has died from pneumonia. Now Archers son convinces him to travel to France. There, they arrange to visit the Countess Olenska at her Paris apartment. However, at the last minute Archer sends his son alone to visit her, content instead to live with his memories of the past. Character List Newland Archer The novels protagonist. Archer is a wealthy young lawyer married to the beautiful debutante May Welland. He is in love, however, with Mays cousin Countess Ellen Olenska, who represents to him the freedom missing from the suffocating environment of the New York aristocracy. Archer is torn between his duty to May and to his family, and his passion for Ellen. In the end, he remains faithful to his wife and comes to be known in society as a philanthropist and civic figure. Countess Ellen Olenska Mays cousin and Mrs. Manson Mingotts granddaughter. Ellen was educated and raised in Europe. There, she married a Polish count, who cheated on her and prompted her to leave him. Upon her return to New York family, she hopes to be reintegrated to American life, but she finds only judgmentality and stifling mores. Her behavior is deemed too unorthodox for her to fit in to Old New York. To Archer, however, she is free and truly alive, her own person. May Welland The dewy-eyed and artless young thing who marries Archer. May appears to be unassailably innocent. Over time, Archer comes to see her as the living embodiment of New York society: incapable of thinking on her own, conditioned to act as she is expected. Despite her apparent innocence, May is not as naà ¯ve as Newland thinks. However, she remains a loyal wife even after she suspects that Newland is having an affair with Countess Olenska. Mrs. Manson Mingott Grandmother to May and Ellen, Mrs. Mingott is a fat and fiery old aristocratic lady who wields great influence over the New York clan. While her moral standards are irreproachable, she has some unorthodox social views. She insists on family solidarity and remains confident in Ellen, supporting her financially when she leaves New York to return to Europe. Henry and Louisa van der Luyden The descendants of pre-Revolutionary Dutch aristocracy, this elderly couple is the last word in social authority. They are last in a long line of powerful social leaders. Very quiet and non-adventurous people, they are rarely seen in public and only rarely invite guests to their solemn Madison Avenue mansion. Julius Beaufort Little is known about this British bankers past, but it is widely rumored that he left Europe after some shady business deals. With his elaborate annual balls, Beaufort is one of the most important and lavish hosts of New York entertainment. Following a scandalous business failure, he is swiftly exiled from good society. Mrs. Archer and Janey Archer Mother and sister of Archer, these two women act almost like sisters. Somewhat socially timid, they love to gossip, grow ferns, and make lace. While they are devoted to Archer, they are nonetheless frequently shocked by his social views. Lawrence Lefferts Widely considered to be the arbiter of good taste and moral values, Lefferts is also a huge gossip and an unfaithful husband. There are suspicions that he courted Countess Olenska soon after her arrival and was soundly rejected. Sillerton Jackson An elderly gentleman and good friend of the Archer family. Jackson is the unofficial archivist of all New York gossip and family history. Medora Manson The eccentric old aunt of Ellens, Medora raised her after the deaths of Ellens parents. A penniless itinerant, she is repeatedly widowed, and is tolerated by society only because of her family connections. Ned Winsett The bohemian journalist friend of Archer. Ned Winsett is one of the few people with whom Archer can really converse. He sees him as both an emblem of social freedom and its immense costs. Mrs. Lemuel Struthers Although as heir to a shoe polish fortune Mrs. Struthers is considered common, she becomes a popular hostess known for her artistic gatherings. Summary The novel opens in the new opera house, where all of New Yorks high society has assembled in its expensive box seats to see and to be seen. Newland Archer, the protagonist, has just arrived fashionably late and joins his friends in time for the climax of the opera. As he glances across the filled theater, he spots May Welland, his new fianceà ©, seated in the box of her aristocratic old grandmother, Mrs. Manson Mingott. Archer, struck anew by her pure and innocent beauty, dreams of blissful married life with May. His reverie is abruptly interrupted by his acquaintance Larry Lefferts, who notices a stranger entering the Mingott box. A slim young woman wearing a theatrical and low-cut dress takes a seat in the box, seemingly unconscious of all the attention she attracts. With shock, Archer realizes that this woman is no other than the Countess Ellen Olenska, cousin to May Welland, who has returned to New York after having lived abroad for many years. Lefferts, considered to be the authority on form, or style and fashion, and Sillerton Jackson, the unofficial archivist of all family histories and scandals within the upper class, are both shocked that the Countess would appear in good society with the rest of her family. We learn through their gossip that it is rumored that she had left her unfaithful husband, a Polish count. Newland admires the fiery and somewhat unorthodox determination of Mrs. Manson Mingott to support this black sheep of her family by not only hosting her indefinitely in her home, but also by allowing her to appear publicly in the family box at the Opera. Yet at the same time he is bothered that all of New York society will see such a scandalous figure sitting next to his innocent young fiancee. As the men continue to gossip, Archer feel compelled to take decisive action. As the fiancà © of May Welland, he decides that he has the responsibility to defend the Mingott clan. During intermission, he hurries over to the Mingott box. Although no words are exchanged between May and himself as to the reason for his sudden appearance, she shows her understanding of the situation and her gratitude to Archer with her smile. Both she and Archer are aware that by appearing in the Mingott box with the Countess Olenska, Archer is demonstrating his connection to that family and his support of their decision to include the Countess in their social activities. Archer is introduced to Olenska, who was one of his childhood playmates. He is struck by her flippant, friendly manners and finds her descriptions of New York society rather disrespectful. After the opera, many of the wealthy New York families attend the annual ball at the Beaufort residence. Julius Beaufort, we learn, is a handsome, charming, and disreputable Englishman with a shady financial history and a strong tendency toward infidelity; his wife Regina is a pretty but dull woman of reputable family background. Although many consider the Beauforts to be common, no one would ever pass their elaborate and ostentatious balls, which provide a cornerstone for New York social activities. At the ball, Archer and May officially announce their engagement. In a moment alone together in the conservatory, they express their happiness. May suddenly asks Archer to announce their engagement to her cousin Ellen Olenska. Ellen, to the relief of her family, did not attend the Beauforts ball. Analysis In the opening chapter of The Age of Innocence, Wharton immediately evokes a specific time, a place, and a society. Her panoramic description of the opera is highly effective as an introductory setting, for it not only acclimates the reader to the fashions and entertainment preferences of Old New York, but it also presents the members of this society as if they were an assembly, a closely-knit collection of individuals and families. The fact that everyone in good society attends the opera demonstrates immediately their similar tastes in art and entertainment. Yet the opera does not serve merely as a bonding activity for the very rich. Indeed, the members of the audience scrutinize each other far more than the opera itself, singling out in particular the fashions and manners of their peers. One goes to the opera to see and to be seen, to judge and to be judged. This may explain why Wharton is quick to introduce two characters who are otherwise minor to the plot. She singles Larry Lefferts out of the crowd as the foremost authority on form. Form, or a code that indicates the acceptable tastes in fashion and manners, is extremely important to this society, which is so concerned with appearances. And an unusual dress or a flippant attitude may, in fact, signify more than just a lack of taste but also a lack of proper moral values. Such a potential wantonness threatens to destabilize the delicate existing code and is therefore judged harshly. In addition to Lefferts, Wharton pauses over the character of Sillerton Jackson, the unofficial archivist of family histories. Not only does Jackson know every blood and marital relationship within the tight clan of Old New York, he also knows each familys scandals, whether real or rumored. Thanks to Jackson, ones private history does not remain a secret for long. Here and throughout the novel, Wharton employs certain imagery by which to portray Old New York society. She describes the evening at the opera as an extremely predictable event: one arrives there fashionably late, every family has a carriage waiting for them at the entrance, and even the ball at Beauforts that follows is an annual tradition. On a basic level, Whartons language indicates how boring such a world can be; no one acts differently from anyone else and there is no variation in the course of events from year to year. In the following chapters, Archer will become more and more frustrated with the monotony of this stultifying environment. On a more symbolic level, Wharton ironically compares the traditional behaviors and codes of cultured Old New York with those of primitive or ancient cultures. Both are obsessed with ritual events and behaviors, she indicates, and Archers concern with acceptable behavior is no different from the totem terrors that had ruled the destinies of his forefathers thousands of years ago. It is, of course, the arrival of Countess Ellen Olenska that brings tension to this perfectly ordered scene. Thanks to the good memory and loose tongue of Sillerton Jackson, Ellens appearance is preceded by her reputation. It is important to note Jacksons exclamation upon seeing Ellen in her familys opera box: I didnt think the Mingotts would have tried it on. With this statement is the implication that the actions of an individual reflect upon the family. Jackson is shocked not only because a woman of somewhat ill repute is seen amongst good society, but also because her family is choosing to support such a black sheep. Newland Archer is aware of the crucial importance of the Mingott familys sense of solidarity. When he sees how his friends negatively respond to the appearance of Ellen, he rushes over to the Mingott family box. Since May is a member of this family and Archer soon will be, it is his duty to defend their decision to include Ellen. Simply by appearing in the Mingott box, Archer is sending a clear non-verbal signal to the rest of the New York clan. This gesture, just like Mays grateful glance at Archer, is a subtle but unequivocal form of communication. Throughout the novel, Wharton must interpret these actions for her readers, for often the spoken words of her characters do not contain as much meaning as (and in some cases relate the opposite meaning of) the gesture. In the third chapter, the character of Julius Beaufort provides a clear example of the discrepancy of appearance versus reality. His personal history is spotty at best, and he is notorious for his womanizing. But because of his immaculate dress and public display of manners and hospitality, he is accepted by the New York clan. As long as Beaufort-or anyone, for that matter-can hide the unpleasantness of his past, he will be welcomed into good society. Chapters 4-6 Summary As is expected of all newly engaged couples, Archer and May begin a series of betrothal visits to their friends and relatives. The first is to Mrs. Manson Mingott, who lives by herself in a grand and unorthodox mansion near Central Park. Because of her tremendous obesity, she is confined to her house; but because of her social influence, she is not isolated from the rest of society. Mrs. Mingott happily receives the couple and instructs May on wedding preparations. As they are about to take their leave, Ellen Olenska returns home from shopping with Julius Beaufort. Archer notices that Mrs. Mingott greets them both cordially; she does not seem to consider it improper, as he does, that a married man should be seen in daylight with a recently-separated woman. As Archer leaves, he speaks briefly to the Countess about his engagement to May. She is very pleased and asks Archer to call on her soon. As Archer leaves, he inwardly remarks that the Countesss behavior with Beaufort is most likely acceptable in Europe. All the same, he is glad he is marrying a member of his own New York clan. The next evening Sillerton Jackson dines with Archer and Archers mother and sister at their home. Jackson and the two women are eager to gossip about the arrival of the Countess Olenska. When the conversation inevitably drifts to discussing her appearance in public with Beaufort, Archer shocks his family by claiming that she has the right to go where she chooses and that he hopes the Countess will get a divorce from her brutish husband, even if such things are seldom done. He remarks that he is tired of a double standard for the affairs of men and women and that it is time for women to be as free as men. Alone in his study after dinner, Archer contemplates his approaching marriage to May. Regarding her picture, he wonders to what extent she is the product of her society. Recalling his assertion at dinner that women should have the same freedoms as men, he now concludes that the nice women of his class were brought up to never desire freedom. Archer suddenly realizes that although he wants his future wife to be free and to form her own thoughts, she has been carefully trained by her family not to possess such traits. To him, May is innocent because she is ignorant. While he remains unwavering in his decision to marry her, he begins to feel that his marriage will not be entirely what he had previously expected. A few days later, the Mingott family is in great distress. After having sent out invitations for a formal dinner to be held in honor of the Countess Olenska, they have received refusals from practically all of the invites. It is clear that New York has decided to scorn the Count ess Olenska by not attending her welcoming dinner. In protest, Archer appeals to his mother to talk with Henry and Louisa van der Luyden. The van der Luydens, a frail old couple who are seldom seen in public and receive only their most intimate friends at home, are regarded as the most powerful and most elite figures in New York society. Archer hopes that their influence can atone for the slight that has been dealt to the Countess and her family. Analysis Chapter 4 opens with one of the most humorous character sketches in the novel. The immensely large Mrs. Manson Mingott is an intriguing character to Archer because of her slightly unorthodox living arrangement and her candid way of speaking. Because of her impeccable moral character and high societal status, her free style of conversation does not scandalize others or disrupt the given social standards. As such, she can easily get away with making some perceptive and occasionally critical insights into the society of Old New York. When Beaufort arrives with Countess Olenska at Mrs. Mingotts home, she asks him if he will be inviting Mrs. Lemuel Struthers and remarks that New York is in need of new blood and new money. While Old New York is intensely close-knit and hostile to nouveau-riche outsiders, it is also in risk of isolating itself completely from the rest of the world, to the detriment of its own health. The character of Newland Archer also takes on several nuances in these cha pters. In the opening Opera scene, Archer appears to be as preoccupied with correct appearances as his friends. At Mrs. Mingotts house, Wharton demonstrates how Archers thoughts on form depart from the norm. He admires Mrs. Mingotts strong personality and the slight sense of impropriety in the arrangement of her house. Yet Archer is relieved when he discovers that Ellen is out for the day, for he fears the controversy associated with her. His acceptance of unconventionality, then, is limited. Mrs. Mingotts harmless banter is not nearly as destabilizing as Ellens behavior in walking in public with Beaufort, which threatens the social code to which Archer is accustomed. In chapters five and six, we also get a glimpse into Archers thoughts on women. At dinner with his family and Sillerton Jackson, Archer attempts to defend Ellens right to have an affair following the infidelities of her husbands by proclaiming that women should be as free as men when it came to their personal relations hips. Yet Archers attempts at gender equality are belied by many of his other comments. Later that evening, he remarks to Jackson that he is sick of the hypocrisy that would bury alive a woman of her age if her husband prefers to live with harlots. While he does here defend Ellens right to manage her own affairs, he labels other women who have made similar choices as harlots. Archer also shows his unequal treatment of women in regards to his own past. In the novels elliptical allusions to his former mistress, Archer is always inclined to judge her actions harshly. Archer is also led to wonder about the usefulness of asserting such rights for women. Although he loves and admires May, he sees that she has been brought up to be a nice woman, one who would never request the right to have an affair. With this revelation, Archer begins to realize just how circumscribed the lives of May and other women in New York society really are. They have been brought up never to question inequalities or double standards. In fact, it is as if they are not even aware that such inequalities exist. They exist in a state of perpetual innocence, untroubled by what they do not know. With this revelation, Archer becomes further disillusioned with the strict codes of Old New York. Chapters 7-9 Summary At the van der Luydens formal and ostentatious Madison Avenue home, Archer and his mother relate the slight given to the Countess Olenska. The van der Luydens decide to stand by the Countess on principle: if her family has already decided to support her admittance into society, the rest of society must support their decision. To make amends, the van der Luydens decide to include the Countess at their reception for the Duke of St. Austrey. In the course of the next week, before attending the reception for the Duke, Archer learns much about the past of the Countess Olenska. After the early deaths of her itinerant parents, Ellen was left under the guardianship of her aunt Medora Manson, an eccentric and frequently widowed woman. After the death of Medoras most recent husband, she packed up and left with Ellen in tow. For years nothing was heard of them, until news reached New York that Ellen had married the extremely wealthy Polish Count Olenski. A few years later, the marriage ended in disaster, and Ellen decided to return to her New York family to recuperate. After learning of Ellens history, Archer is curious to see how-if at all-she will adapt to New York society. At the Dukes reception, the Countess raises eyebrows by appearing late and somewhat disheveled. After dinner, she leaves the side of the Duke (with whom she is expected to converse) in order to talk with Archer. They discuss, primarily, his engagement to May. The Countess reveals her ignorance of New York social customs by asking Archer if the marriage was arranged. When Archer corrects her, she embarrassedly admits that she often forgets that what is bad in European culture is good, by contrast, in American culture. As the conversation is interrupted by the other guests, Countess Olenska bids Archer to call on her at her new home the next day. Archer arrives late at the Countesss shabby, slightly bohemian flat that following day, only to find her away. He decides to wait in her living room until she returns. While he waits, he examines the room, which is artfully decorated with European bric-a-brac and exotic works of art. To Archer, who is used to the standardized Italian art appreciated by those in his class, the Countesss furnishings are novel and intriguing. Suddenly, from the window he sees the Countess descend from Beauforts cab. Inside the flat, Archer is interested by the Countesss novel, if slightly shocking, opinions on the fashions and the families of Old New York. She, in turn, looks to Archer for advice about fitting in to the New York clan. When he explains how misleading appearances are in New York, Ellen responds by bursting into tears. She remarks to Archer that the most lonely aspect of living in New York is that she is required to live around well-meaning people who insist that she pretend to be someone she is not in order to spare them any unpleasantness. Their conversation is interrupted by the entrance of the Duke and Mrs. Lemuel Struthers. Archer leaves, somewhat relieved to be spared any more upsetting emotion. As he stops by the florist to send May her daily bouquet of lilies-of- the-valley, he decides impulsively to send a bouquet of yellow roses to Countess Olenska. Analysis Wharton commences Chapter 7 with a detailed account of the nature of the power structure and chain of command within the tight-knit high society of New York. As the sole descendants of one of the most wealthy and aristocratic families in the city, Henry and Louisa van der Luyden serve as legislatures, executives, and judges in regards to certain social problems. It is they who determine the laws of family solidarity. Because Ellens family supports her, everyone outside the family must honor their decision and treat her as one of them. It is also they who judge the severity of the offense against Ellen Olenska; Wharton describes them as the Court of last appeals. And finally, it is they who decide that action must be taken to amend for the insult. By inviting the Countess to their formal reception for the Duke, the van der Luydens send an unmistakable message to those who have previously slighted Ellen. Wharton makes her depiction of the van der Luydens ironic by several different means. First of all, she shows the inconsistencies between the van der Luydens as individuals and as leaders. For all the stuffy splendor of their house and the formal quality of their interview with the Archers, Henry and Louisa are shy and retiring people who dont much like to entertain. They seldom leave their home, due both to health problems and a genuine fear of venturing out in public. Secondly, Wharton describes them in anthropological terms. The van der Luydens are mouth pieces of some remote ancestral authority which fate compelled them to wield. Wharton subtly hints that there is something primitive about the van der Luydens influence over society and that their power is due more to wealth and bloodline than to their capability and temperament. For a society that prides itself on its high culture, such a hierarchy of power seems rather crude and primeval. And finally, Whartons physical description of this harmless old couple involves a large amount of death imagery. Louisa looks like she was rather gruesomely preserved in the airless atmosphere of a perfectly irreproachable existence. This is not unlike the way Wharton sees Mrs. Mingott as a doomed city trapped under her own weight in Chapter 4. In both these cases, Whartons juxtaposition of authority figures with death imagery indicates the ineffectual nature of their power. Ruled by such archaic individuals, Old New York potentially faces a waning of power itself, or even extinction. In Chapters 8 and 9, we begin to get a better grasp of Ellens personality. Up until this point, we have seen Ellen primarily through the eyes of others: through the gossip at the opera and through Archers opinions based on their brief encounters. Now the picture of Ellen becomes more complete through the recounting of her personal history, the descriptions of her exotically furnished apartment, and through her own conversations with Archer. The very nature of their discussion proves to Archer Ellens foreignness and her lack of traditional manners. Unlike May and the rest of New York who communicate indirectly through glances and euphemistic speech, Ellen is quite candid in her opinions. She directly criticizes

Essay on video games violence Essay

The gaming industry greatly impacts how people, from young children to adults, spend their time. According to Health Magazine (2009), â€Å"90 percent of kids aged 8 to 16 play video games, and they spend about 13 hours per week doing so (more if you’re a boy). † Whether its educational, or just plain fun and entertainment video games have evolved greatly in the last 40 years. Today’s sophisticated games are in a class of it’s own with it’s realism and impressive graphics. With this ever advancing technology, comes better games with realistic situations. There’s no harm in playing video games for recreation. However, the problem lies within the violent video games and the aggression that these video games cause in children. For years researchers and experts have issued studies linking video games to aggressive behavior. It’s a controversial subject, nonetheless, it shows just how powerful the affect the games have on children. To illustrate, CBSnews. com reports a story of a 17 year who bought the popular game, â€Å"Grand Theft Auto†. In this game, the player is encouraged to do as much illegal activity and engage in as much violent behavior as they can to be rewarded with accolades and higher points. The more heinous the act, the higher you move up in the game. After playing this game for nine months, the 17 year old gunned down three men, two police officers and a dispatcher in a county jail, in the same style he was trained from the video game. In the kids statement to police, he said : â€Å"Life is like a video game. Everybody’s got to die sometime. † This is just one example of aggressive behavior as a result of violent video games, but there are many more cases. Children’s minds are very impressionable, and violent video games are harmful to their minds because of how interactive and realistic these games can be. According to research by child psychologist David Walsh, as further reported in the article, violent video games can be linked to physical aggressive behavior in children because of the brain. His study revealed that the teenage brain is not fully developed. Violent video games have a deeper impact on a teenage brain versus an adult brain. Walsh further states, it’s â€Å"largely because the teenage brain is different from the adult brain. The impulse control center of the brain, the part of the brain that enables us to think ahead, consider consequences, manage urges — that’s the part of the brain right behind our forehead called the prefrontal cortex. That’s under construction during the teenage years. In fact, the wiring of that is not completed until the early 20s. † Therefore, since children’s mind are still underdeveloped, violent video games have a negative effect and cause children to believe aggression is appropriate. From the National Institute on Media and Family, six medical groups issue warnings as to the effects that violence has on children: (1) â€Å"Children will increase anti-social and aggressive behavior. (2)Children may become less sensitive to violence and those who suffer from violence. (3) Children may view the world as violent and mean, becoming more fearful of being a victim of violence. (4) Children will desire to see more violence in entertainment and real life. (5) Children will view violence as an acceptable way to settle conflicts. † From studies to real life examples of violent behavior, video games has shown to have an influence on children’s behavior. Violent video games will not be going away anytime soon. The only solution to combat the issue of violent video games is for parents to be actively involved in their children’s free time and take an interest in what their children play. Once parents are informed on their decisions to allow their children to play violent video games, they will know that if choosing violence, it will have an effect on the impressionable child mind.Parents beware. References Harding, A. (2008). Violent video games linked to child aggression. Health Magazine. Retrieved from http://www. cnn. com/2008/HEALTH/family/11/03/healthmag. violent. video. kids/ Bradley, E. (2005). Can a video game train someone to kill? Retrieved from http://www. cbsnews. com/stories/2005/03/04/60minutes/main678261. shtml 2010. Fact Sheet. National Institute on Media and the Family. Retrieved from http://www. mediafamily. org/facts/facts_vlent. shtml.

Child Prostitution is a Boon Not a Bane- a Satirical Disposition

Oh! What a fun! You would hear while entering into narrow dirty lanes of a small town of Thailand and you would be attracted by the men of higher disposition enjoying sex with young girls of not more than 10 to 12 years. It’s truly an enjoyment for not just locals but also tourists who are attracted and lured by these young girls who earn substantial revenue.For the poor of the underdeveloped nations, child prostitution can be a good solution to earn revenue and reduce their poverty.If each family out of 10,000 couples can bear at-least five girls each and are offered in a sex trade for at-least 10 dollars for one man then each family can earn 50 dollars from one man alone, and suppose if luck is showering smile on them then one girl can even seduce five men in a day to enjoy her lustrous body and that would bring her substantial income to sustain whole of their life.Child prostitution can become the most common economical indicator and can add to the National income of the so ciety, which is already in a great dwindling state and is already in debt. Here the direct role of the government can substantially give a tremendous boost to the child prostitution.Government can encourage the major players in the tourism industry like big hotels to give special tariffs in the form of young girls for the full enjoyment of single tourists who pay visit to their hotels and of-course with tax notwithstanding.This would bring them good revenue. It is a very good proposal for both the hotels and the government alike. The investment that is being promulgated on the education of girls will cost more than the investment that will be levied on the girls to make them prepare for the entertainment of tourists.The investment on the education of girls will only cost burden on the government’s exchequer without any substantial returns but if same amount of investment is levied on the girls to make them prepare for the sex traffic, then not only it would fill the governmen t’s exchequer, but it would also fill the sexual and financial appetite of government’s officers. In short, government should legalize the child prostitution not only for the economic benefit of the children, but also for the benefit of their family and for the benefit of whole society.Just imagine! So many people would be benefited from this prodigious proposition. Middle man who does the dealing of the girls, girl’s parents and their younger brothers who would get income for their studies, over and above it would maintain the traditional cultural of society whereby boys plays subordinate roles in the families. The standard of the living of the people would rise.Times reported, â€Å"inexpensive Iraqi prostitutes have helped to make Syria a popular destination for sex tourists from wealthier countries in the Middle East. In the club’s parking lot, nearly half of the cars had Saudi license plates.† (Fertik, Online Edition)In North America, country statistics reported 10,000 to 30,000 child prostitutes flourishing and majority of the approximate 10,000 children spending their lives in Toronto, Ontario are involved in the sex trade; yet another nation much smaller than America financially and in size seaming with military rule demonstrates sex trade among children in maximum number and ultimate beneficiaries are Burmese officials.As reported by Guardian on October 2007, its military ruled Burma where military officials would not tolerate any pro democratic demonstrations by Buddhist monks but tolerate 13 to 14 year old girls performing catwalk in front of their customers at night clubs easily available for sale at the rate of $100. (Doyle, Online Edition) If it is happening every where then why not it begins to be promulgated legally and openly.Sara, aged 20 years now is a rich girl with large fortunes and property at her disposal. Her occupation was neither modeling nor acting but prostitution in which she has been into since she was just twelve years, even though she is now affected with AIDS, and has been behind bars for four years and sexually exploited even by police officers, so what! At-least she is rich, has lot of money and luxuries at her disposal.Still governments of various nations have made child prostitution illegal and are sorting out various ways to the control this trade. They are constructing houses for children and starting educational training for parents to protect their children from this safe trade.But I would say by increasing the child trade would ultimately reduce it; as more of this trade would flourish, more children would get richer when they grow up and realize side effects resulting from this trade and would try to make their own children escape from the net work of this trade by educating them and making them more responsible citizens.Underdeveloped nations are marked by the increase in disparity between the rich and the poor owing to corruption and the solution to its prob lem lies with poor families themselves. With the strength of their girl child, they can reduce this disparity by increasing their income to considerable degree.The solution to the problem of poverty was also provided by Jonathan Swift in eighteenth century who like an expert fencer provided an ironical solution to the corruption and poor families of Ireland in his â€Å"A Modest Proposal†. To reduce the financial burden of the families, girl children are being sold to satisfy the sexual desire of the elite class; Swift with his powerful tool of irony wielded at the corrupt and the royal class most effectively yet with the most devastating effect.Swift proposed the poor families of Ireland to utilize the children to raise their income level. He suggested that if the cost of feeding one child for one year is two shillings, and if after one year child is sold to the English landlords, it would bring them the profit of eight shillings and this money can be used for buying food an d clothing to bear more children.These children can become delicacies for the men of fortune. They can eat them as roasted or fried dish. One body of a child can be eaten two times and it would be the most delicious dish and nutritious too. The skin of children can me made into gloves for ladies and summer boots for their children.   He seems to be making a fictive character to express himself in the most contradictory manner to the real cause.

Emily Dickinsons View of Death - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 2 Words: 549 Downloads: 4 Date added: 2017/09/20 Category History Essay Type Argumentative essay Tags: Death Essay Did you like this example? Emily Dickinson’s view of death is quite different that that of the modern world. The modern world fears death and describes it as dark, scary, and horrible. However, Emily describes it as something that she welcomes and is not to be feared. She knows that once a person dies, he or she begins another life. Through the poem’s diction, Emily Dickinson’s view of death is shown. Death â€Å"knew no haste† and â€Å"kindly stopped† for Emily, so Emily â€Å"[puts] away [her] labor and leisure† for [Death’s] â€Å"civility. † Death is described as a gentleman, who kindly stops the carriage for Emily. Emily welcomes Death and stops what she is doing to follow and join him. The personification of death shows that Emily thinks highly of death and does not fear or dread it. As the carriage drives slowly, Emily and Death pass a school, where children â€Å"strove at Recess in the Ring. † The â€Å"Ring† refers to t he nursery rhyme called â€Å"Ring Around the Rosie† and derives from the Black Plague. The significance of the â€Å"Ring† in the poem is that children do not think about death. In fact, they do not even know that the game that they play refers to death. The children also depict the progress of human life. They have just begun their journey while Emily is near the end of her journey. Emily and Death pass â€Å"the fields of gazing grain† and â€Å"the setting sun† as the â€Å"dews drew quivering and chill. † The grain suggests futurity; that is, it will grow and develop until it dies. It has a future like the children that they passed. The sun passes them as the sun does everyone who is buried. When the sun sets, the world becomes dark. This is a contrast to the light of the previous stanzas in the poem. Also the world becomes damp and cold, which is a contrast to the warmth in the previous stanza. Another thing that Emily and Death see as they ride in the carriage is a â€Å"House† that seemed â€Å"a swelling of a ground;† they could scarcely see the â€Å"roof,† â€Å"the cornice in the ground. † The â€Å"house† that they see is a grave. They could barely see the top of it because it is placed deeply in the ground. The significance of the â€Å"House† is that a person is placed in a grave after they die. The modern world seems to think that being placed in a grave is the end of their life. However, Emily knows that this is not the end of their life. Their body is placed there, but their soul goes somewhere else. Emily concludes the poem by saying â€Å"I first surmised the Horses’ heads were toward Eternity. † The carriage that Emily and Death were traveling in leads them towards eternity or an afterlife. Emily realizes that a person’s journey is continued after death. This is a hopeful concept that many people in the modern world do not realize. Th ey describe it as a horrible thing that they fear. Emily Dickinson makes death seem passive and easy. She knows that death is a natural part of life and is unstoppable for everybody. She also knows that it is not the end of a soul’s journey. The journey continues into eternity. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Emily Dickinsons View of Death" essay for you Create order